Empirical Model for the Culture of Research in Basic Education
Keywords:
Empirical Model, culture of research, basic education, exploratory factor analysis, multiple linear regression
Abstract
This study developed an empirical model that will build the culture of research in thebasic education. The study was mainly quantitative involving the collection of primary datafrom 400 basic education teachers intended to determine the dimensions of organizationalcharacteristics and culture of research using principal component analysis of exploratoryfactor analysis (EFA). After this, the impact of the organizational characteristics on theculture of research was identified using the multiple linear regression analysis (MLR).Exploratory factor analysis revealed that there were three dimensions of organizationalcharacteristics which included institutional support and reward system, strategy, andstructure. The culture of research was also revealed to have three dimensions including theallocation of knowledge and skills training and development and resources, maximizationof incentives and personal and professional opportunities, and integration of researchinto the school routine. Given that these dimensions are adopted and well implemented,the culture of research is highly likely to be built. The regression analysis disclosed thatthe three dimensions of the organizational characteristics were significant predictors ofthe culture of research in basic education with their linear combination for a very highvariation in the culture of research.References
References
Ahmady, G., Mehrpour, M., & Nikooravesh, A.
(2016). Organizational structure. Procedia
– Social and Behavioral Sciences, 230, 455-
462.
Armstrong, M. & Taylor, S. (2017). Armstrong’s
handbook of human resource management
practice (14th Ed.). Kogan Page.
Bess, L. & Lee, J. (2012). Understanding college
and university organization: Theories for
effective policy and practice. Sterling.
Borg, S. (2006). Conditions for teacher research.
In English Teaching Forum, 44, (4), pp. 22-
27.
Creswell, J., & Plano, C.V. (2018). Designing and
conducting mixed methods research. Sage
Publishing.
Galbraith, J. R. (2011). The star model. Galbraith
Management Consultants.
Garson, G. D. (2012). Testing statistical
assumptions. Statistical Associates
Publishing.
Glanz, J. (2014). Action research: An educational
leader’s guide to school improvement. (3rd
Ed.). Rowman and Littlefield.
Hadjinicola, G. & Soteriou, A. (2005). Factors
affecting research productivity of
production and operations management
groups: An empirical study. Journal of
Applied Mathematics and Decision Science,
2006, 1-16.
Hoole, C. & Victor, J. (2017). The influence
of organizational rewards on workplace
trust and work engagement. SA Journal
of Human Resource Management, 15 (1),
1-14.
Hine, G. (2013). The importance of action
research in teacher education program.
Empirical Model for the Culture of Research in Basic Education
20 Asia Pacific Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences Volume 17 2020
Issues in Educational Research, 23 (2), 151-
163.
James, F. & Augustin, D. S. (2018). Improving
teachers’ pedagogical and instructional
practice through action research:
Potential and problems. Educational
Action Research, 26(2), 333-348.
Karim, M.R., Huda, K.Z., & Khan, R.S. (2012).
Significance of training and post-training
evaluation for employee effectiveness:
An empirical study on Sainsbury's
Supermarket Ltd, UK. International
Journal of Business and Management,
7(18), 141-148.
Kawara, P. (2014). Effects of reward systems
on employee productivity in the Catholic
university of Eastern Africa. International
Journal of Recent Research in Commerce
Economics and Management, 1(2), 1-4.
Kuipers, B. & Giurge, L. (2016). Does alignment
matter? The performance implications of
HR roles connected to organizational
strategy. The International Journal of
Human Resource Management, 28 (22),
3179-3201.
Kukari, A. (2012). Universal basic education
policy framework: A focal point for
research, monitoring, and evaluation.
National Research Institute Discussion
Paper No. 125.
Martin, B. (2009). Research productivity: Some
paths less traveled. Australian Universities’
Review, 5(1), 259-268.
MCBEDS (2015). Katigaman: Manual on
research. Department of Education.
Meerah, T., Ahmad, J., & Johar, A. R. (2001).
What motivates teachers to conduct
research? Retrieved from http://www.
leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/00001772.
htm
Mendez, E. & Cruz, M. (2014, October).
Research culture in higher education: The
case of a foreign language department in
Mexico. Profile, 16(2), 145-150.
Mohr, M. M. (Ed.). (2004). Teacher research for
better schools. Teachers College Press.
Njanja, L., Kibet, L., Maina, R., & Njagi, K.
(2013). Effect of reward on employee
performance: A case of Kenya Power and
Lighting Company Ltd., Nakuru, Kenya.
International Journal of Business and
Management, 8(21), 41-55.
Newson, N. (2012). A quick primer on
exploratory factor analysis. Retrieved
from http://web.cortland.edu/andersmd/
psy341/efa.pdf
Ngulube, P. (2020). Handbook of research
on connecting research methods for
information science research. IGI
Global.
Njoya Ndungu, D. (2017). The effects of rewards
and recognition on employee performance
in public educational institutions: A case
of Kenyatta University, Kenya. Global
Journal of Management and Business
Research, 17(1).
Norton, L. (2019). Action research in teaching and
learning: A practical guide to conducting
pedagogical research in universities (2nd
Ed.). Routledge.
Okwudili, B. (2015). Effect of non-monetary
rewards on the productivity of employees
among selected government Parastatals in
ABIA State, Nigeria. Journal of Business
and Management, 17(2), 6-11.
Osibanjo, A. & Adeniji, A. (2013). Impact
of organizational culture on human
resource practices: A study of selected
Nigerian private universities. Journal of
Competitiveness, 5(4), 115-133.
Pratheepkanth, P. (2011). Reward system
and its impact on employee motivation
in commercial banks of Sri Lanka Plc,
in Jaffna District.Global Journal of
Management and Business Research, 11(4),
84-92.
Russell, J. & Cohn, R. (2012). Likert scale. Book
on demand.
Sarang, J., Bhasin, V., & Verma, R. (2016).
A structural modeling approach for
buyer-supplier relationship development
strategies: Indian manufacturing context.
Smart Journal of Business Management
Studies, 12(1), 32-43.
Sharobeam, M. & Howard, K. (2002). Teaching
demands versus research productivity.
21
Journal of College Science Teaching.
Retrieved from http://www.nsta.org/
publications/news/story.aspx?id=46967
Taiwo, A., Lawal, F., & Agwu, E. (2016). Vision
and mission in an organization: Myth
or heuristic device?. The International
Journal of Business & Management, 4(3),
127-134.
Thrane, C. (2019). Applied regression analysis:
Doing, interpreting, and reporting.
Routledge.
Tobert, P. & Hall, R. (2016). Organizations:
Structures, processes, and outcomes (10th
Ed.). Routledge.
Torrentira, M. (2019). Dimensions of
sustainable research collaborations in
Philippine universities. Journal of Public
Administration and Governance, 9(2), 17-
29. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.
v9i2.14683.
Woyengo, P., Nzulwa, J., & Odhiambo, R.
(2019). Influence of organizational
structure on employee job satisfaction and
commitment in the civil service in Kenya.
The Strategic Journal of Business & Change
Management, 6(3), 616-620.
Zhang, J., Yu, P., & Lv, Y. (2015). KDD ’15:
Proceedings of the 21st ACM SIGKDD
International Conference on Knowledge
Discovery and Data Mining, 1435-1444.
Zhao, X., Liao, J. & Dang, C. (2019). A stratified
sampling based clustering algorithm
for large scale data. Knowledge-Based
Systems.163. 416-428.
Ahmady, G., Mehrpour, M., & Nikooravesh, A.
(2016). Organizational structure. Procedia
– Social and Behavioral Sciences, 230, 455-
462.
Armstrong, M. & Taylor, S. (2017). Armstrong’s
handbook of human resource management
practice (14th Ed.). Kogan Page.
Bess, L. & Lee, J. (2012). Understanding college
and university organization: Theories for
effective policy and practice. Sterling.
Borg, S. (2006). Conditions for teacher research.
In English Teaching Forum, 44, (4), pp. 22-
27.
Creswell, J., & Plano, C.V. (2018). Designing and
conducting mixed methods research. Sage
Publishing.
Galbraith, J. R. (2011). The star model. Galbraith
Management Consultants.
Garson, G. D. (2012). Testing statistical
assumptions. Statistical Associates
Publishing.
Glanz, J. (2014). Action research: An educational
leader’s guide to school improvement. (3rd
Ed.). Rowman and Littlefield.
Hadjinicola, G. & Soteriou, A. (2005). Factors
affecting research productivity of
production and operations management
groups: An empirical study. Journal of
Applied Mathematics and Decision Science,
2006, 1-16.
Hoole, C. & Victor, J. (2017). The influence
of organizational rewards on workplace
trust and work engagement. SA Journal
of Human Resource Management, 15 (1),
1-14.
Hine, G. (2013). The importance of action
research in teacher education program.
Empirical Model for the Culture of Research in Basic Education
20 Asia Pacific Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences Volume 17 2020
Issues in Educational Research, 23 (2), 151-
163.
James, F. & Augustin, D. S. (2018). Improving
teachers’ pedagogical and instructional
practice through action research:
Potential and problems. Educational
Action Research, 26(2), 333-348.
Karim, M.R., Huda, K.Z., & Khan, R.S. (2012).
Significance of training and post-training
evaluation for employee effectiveness:
An empirical study on Sainsbury's
Supermarket Ltd, UK. International
Journal of Business and Management,
7(18), 141-148.
Kawara, P. (2014). Effects of reward systems
on employee productivity in the Catholic
university of Eastern Africa. International
Journal of Recent Research in Commerce
Economics and Management, 1(2), 1-4.
Kuipers, B. & Giurge, L. (2016). Does alignment
matter? The performance implications of
HR roles connected to organizational
strategy. The International Journal of
Human Resource Management, 28 (22),
3179-3201.
Kukari, A. (2012). Universal basic education
policy framework: A focal point for
research, monitoring, and evaluation.
National Research Institute Discussion
Paper No. 125.
Martin, B. (2009). Research productivity: Some
paths less traveled. Australian Universities’
Review, 5(1), 259-268.
MCBEDS (2015). Katigaman: Manual on
research. Department of Education.
Meerah, T., Ahmad, J., & Johar, A. R. (2001).
What motivates teachers to conduct
research? Retrieved from http://www.
leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/00001772.
htm
Mendez, E. & Cruz, M. (2014, October).
Research culture in higher education: The
case of a foreign language department in
Mexico. Profile, 16(2), 145-150.
Mohr, M. M. (Ed.). (2004). Teacher research for
better schools. Teachers College Press.
Njanja, L., Kibet, L., Maina, R., & Njagi, K.
(2013). Effect of reward on employee
performance: A case of Kenya Power and
Lighting Company Ltd., Nakuru, Kenya.
International Journal of Business and
Management, 8(21), 41-55.
Newson, N. (2012). A quick primer on
exploratory factor analysis. Retrieved
from http://web.cortland.edu/andersmd/
psy341/efa.pdf
Ngulube, P. (2020). Handbook of research
on connecting research methods for
information science research. IGI
Global.
Njoya Ndungu, D. (2017). The effects of rewards
and recognition on employee performance
in public educational institutions: A case
of Kenyatta University, Kenya. Global
Journal of Management and Business
Research, 17(1).
Norton, L. (2019). Action research in teaching and
learning: A practical guide to conducting
pedagogical research in universities (2nd
Ed.). Routledge.
Okwudili, B. (2015). Effect of non-monetary
rewards on the productivity of employees
among selected government Parastatals in
ABIA State, Nigeria. Journal of Business
and Management, 17(2), 6-11.
Osibanjo, A. & Adeniji, A. (2013). Impact
of organizational culture on human
resource practices: A study of selected
Nigerian private universities. Journal of
Competitiveness, 5(4), 115-133.
Pratheepkanth, P. (2011). Reward system
and its impact on employee motivation
in commercial banks of Sri Lanka Plc,
in Jaffna District.Global Journal of
Management and Business Research, 11(4),
84-92.
Russell, J. & Cohn, R. (2012). Likert scale. Book
on demand.
Sarang, J., Bhasin, V., & Verma, R. (2016).
A structural modeling approach for
buyer-supplier relationship development
strategies: Indian manufacturing context.
Smart Journal of Business Management
Studies, 12(1), 32-43.
Sharobeam, M. & Howard, K. (2002). Teaching
demands versus research productivity.
21
Journal of College Science Teaching.
Retrieved from http://www.nsta.org/
publications/news/story.aspx?id=46967
Taiwo, A., Lawal, F., & Agwu, E. (2016). Vision
and mission in an organization: Myth
or heuristic device?. The International
Journal of Business & Management, 4(3),
127-134.
Thrane, C. (2019). Applied regression analysis:
Doing, interpreting, and reporting.
Routledge.
Tobert, P. & Hall, R. (2016). Organizations:
Structures, processes, and outcomes (10th
Ed.). Routledge.
Torrentira, M. (2019). Dimensions of
sustainable research collaborations in
Philippine universities. Journal of Public
Administration and Governance, 9(2), 17-
29. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.
v9i2.14683.
Woyengo, P., Nzulwa, J., & Odhiambo, R.
(2019). Influence of organizational
structure on employee job satisfaction and
commitment in the civil service in Kenya.
The Strategic Journal of Business & Change
Management, 6(3), 616-620.
Zhang, J., Yu, P., & Lv, Y. (2015). KDD ’15:
Proceedings of the 21st ACM SIGKDD
International Conference on Knowledge
Discovery and Data Mining, 1435-1444.
Zhao, X., Liao, J. & Dang, C. (2019). A stratified
sampling based clustering algorithm
for large scale data. Knowledge-Based
Systems.163. 416-428.
Published
2021-01-01
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2021 Asia Pacific Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences
Copyright holder is the Bukidnon State University.
